The Regulating Act of 1773

 

1. Battle of Plassey (1757)
2. Battle of Buxar (1764)
3. Treaty of Allahabad (1765)
4. Warren Hastings’ Judicial Plan (1772)
5. Financial crisis due to the economic depression caused by the Bengal Famine of 1770
6. Dual system of government
7. Financial problems

Battle of Plassey (1757):

The Regulating Act of 1773

This battle took place on June 23, 1757, between Siraj-ud-Daulah, the Nawab of Bengal, and the British East India Company. Robert Clive was the company’s governor at this time. Siraj-ud-Daulah was defeated in this battle, 9The Regulating Act of 1773 )and the British gained complete control.

• Siraj-ud-Daulah’s commander, Mir Jafar, betrayed him, leading to his defeat.
• Siraj-ud-Daulah was assassinated, and Mir Jafar was made the Nawab of Bengal. Mir Jafar was instructed to rule under the authority of the East India Company.

② Battle of Buxar (1764):

The Battle of Buxar took place on October 12, 1764, in Buxar, Bihar, between the British East India Company and Mir Qasim (the former Nawab of Bengal), Shuja-ud-Daulah (the Nawab of Awadh), and Shah Alam II (the Mughal Emperor).

In this battle, British Major Hector Munro defeated all three.

Note – ① In the Battle of Plassey, Mir Jafar had betrayed Siraj-ud-Daulah and was ruling as the Nawab of Bengal. He did not want the company to interfere in his affairs. ② His two allies, Shuja-ud-Daulah (Nawab of Awadh) and Shah Alam II (Mughal Emperor), were defeated. Treaty of Allahabad (1765)

The Treaty of Allahabad was signed in 1765. In fact, two treaties were signed:

1. Between the East India Company and the Mughal Emperor Shah Alam II
2. Between the East India Company and the Nawab of Awadh, Shuja-ud-Daula

Historical Background

Company Rule (1773 to 1858)

The Regulating Act of 1773:

This Act was passed by the British Parliament to bring all the activities of the East India Company under its control and to establish a centralized system in India. This was the first such attempt by the East India Company.

Note-1. From now on, the Governor of Bengal came to be known as the Governor-General. Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of Bengal.

2. The Governors of Bombay and Madras came under the authority of the Governor-General of Bengal.
3. This was the first historic step taken by the British Parliament, after which all the activities of the East India Company were controlled.
4. From now on, the government recognized the administrative and political functions of the company.
5. The Regulating Act of 1773 laid the foundation of central administration in India.
6. After the implementation of this Act, all the corrupt activities of the East India Company were stopped. Bribery was completely eliminated.

Features of the Act

1. After the implementation of this Act, the post of Governor was abolished.
2. A new post, the Governor-General of Bengal, was created, and an Executive Council of four members was formed to assist him.
3. The Governors of Madras and Bombay came under the authority of the Governor-General of Bengal.
4. This Act was a major change. It was a transformative act.
5. After this Act, a Supreme Court (1774) was established in Calcutta. It had one Chief Justice and three other judges. These three judges worked under the authority of the Chief Justice.
6. After the implementation of the Regulating Act of 1773, the company’s dividend was limited to 6%.

This Act also limited the term of the Directors to four years. However, this Act was not entirely successful.

NIOS CLASS 10HINDI CHAPTER 4–आह्वान

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